Ap Us History 2018 Edition Chapter 18 Questions

8514224678 causes of immigration Forces in the United States driving this process were (1) political and religious freedom, (2) economic opportunities in the western U.S. and cities, (3) large steamships offered relatively inexpensive transportation. (p. 361)

0 8514224679 old immigrants Through the 1880s, they came to the United States from northern and western Europe. They were mostly Protestant and had a high-level of literacy. (p. 361)

1 8514224680 new immigrants From the 1890s to 1914, they came to the United States from southern and eastern Europe. Mostly non-Protestant, poor and illiterate. (p. 361)

2 8514224681 Statue of Liberty Began in the 1870's, by the French sculptor Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi. It opened in New York Harbor, in 1886. (p. 362)

3 8514224682 Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 It was the first bill regarding immigration. It placed a ban on all new immigrants from China. (p. 362)

4 8514224683 Immigration Act of 1882 In 1882, this act placed restrictions on the immigration of undesirable persons, such as paupers, criminals, convicts, and mentally incompetent. (p. 362)

5 8514224684 Contract Labor Act of 1885 Restricted the immigration of temporary workers, to protect American workers. (p. 362)

6 8514224685 American Protective Association A nativist society that was prejudiced against Roman Catholics. (p. 362)

7 8514224686 Ellis Island 1892 An immigration center opened in 1892 in New York Harbor. (p. 362)

8 8514224687 melting pot vs. cultural diversity The historian's term, melting pot, refers to immigrants leaving their old-world characteristics and adopting the United States characteristics. Other historians argue that first-generation immigrants maintained their cultural identity and only the second and third generations were assimilated in the U.S. society. (p. 373)

9 8514224688 cause of migration In the late 1800s, forces driving Europeans to migrate to the United States were (1) Displaced farmworkers by political turmoil and mechanization, (2) Overcrowding due to population boom, (3) Religious persecution. (p. 361)

10 8514224689 streetcar cities In these cities, people lived in residences many miles from their jobs and commuted to work by horse-drawn streetcars. (p. 363)

11 8514224690 steel-framed buildings Skyscrapers were made possible by this type of building. The first, was the Home Insurance Company Building in Chicago. It was made possible by a steel skeleton, Otis elevator, and central steam heating system. (p. 363)

12 8514224691 tenements, poverty As rich people left residences near the business district, the buildings were often divided into small crowded windowless apartments for the poor. (p. 363)

13 8514224692 ethnic neighborhoods Different immigrant groups created distinct neighborhoods where they could maintain their distinct identity. (p. 363)

14 8514224693 residential suburbs By 1900, suburbs had grown up around every major U.S. city. the United States became the world's first suburban nation. (p. 364)

15 8514224694 political machines, boss Political parties in major cities came under the control of tightly organized groups of politicians, known as political machines. Each machine had its boss, the top politician who gave orders and doled out government jobs. (p. 364)

16 8514224695 Tammany Hall A political machine in New York City, which developed into a power center. (p. 364)

17 8514224696 urban reformers Urban reformers stated more than 400 settlement houses in the cities. They provided services to help poor immigrants. (p. 365)

18 8514224697 City Beautiful movement In the 1890s, this movement included plans to remake America's cities with tree-lined boulevards, public parks, and public cultural attractions. (p. 364)

19 8514224698 Henry George A San Francisco journalist who authored "Progress and Poverty" in 1879 that called to attention the failings of laissez-faire capitalism along with the wealth polarization caused by industrialization. (p. 365)

20 8514224699 Edward Bellamy In 1888, he wrote "Looking Backward", a popular book of social criticism that that envisioned a future that had eliminated poverty, greed, and crime. (p. 365)

21 8514224700 Jane Addams In 1889, she started Hull House in Chicago, which was a settlement house which provide help to immigrants. (p. 365)

22 8514224701 settlement houses They provide social services to new immigrants. (p. 365)

23 8514224702 Social Gospel In the 1880s and 1890s this movement espoused social justice for the poor based on Christian principles. (p. 365)

24 8514224703 Walter Rauschenbusch The leading figure of the Social Gospel movement, and a New York City minister. (p. 365)

25 8514224704 Cardinal Gibbons A Roman Catholic leader who supported organized labor. (p. 366)

26 8514224705 Dwight Moody He founded Moody Bible Institute, in 1889. It helped generations of urban evangelists to adapt traditional Christianity to city life. (p. 366)

27 8514224706 Salvation Army Imported from England in 1879, this charity provided the basic necessities of life for the homeless and the poor while also preaching Christian Gospel. (p. 366)

28 8514224707 family size; divorce Family size continued to drop as more people moved from the farms to the cities. Children were needed to do work on farms, but in the city they did not provide that advantage. Divorce rates increased as the legal grounds for divorce became more lenient. (p. 366)

29 8514224708 Susan B. Anthony, NAWSA In 1890, one of the founders of the National American Womens Suffrage Association (NAWSA), which worked to secure voting rights for women. (p. 366)

30 8514224709 Francis Willard, WCTU Leader of the Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) which advocated total abstinence from alcohol. (p. 367)

31 8514224710 Antisaloon League In 1893, this organization became a powerful political force and by 1916 had persuaded twenty one states to close down all saloons and bars. (p. 367)

32 8514224711 Carrie Nation She raided saloons and smashed barrels of beer with a hatchet. (p. 367)

33 8514224712 kindergarten In the late 1800s, the practice of sending children to kindergarten became popular. (p. 367)

34 8514224713 public high school In the late 1800s, there was growing support for tax-supported public high schools. (p. 367)

35 8514224714 college elective system In the late 1800s, colleges started reducing the number of required courses and offered more elective courses. These were courses students could choose, and this increased the number of foreign language and science courses. (p. 368)

36 8514224715 Johns Hopkins University This university was founded in Baltimore in 1876, the first to specialize in advanced graduate studies. (p. 368)

37 8514224716 new social sciences New fields such as psychology, sociology, anthropology, and political science emerged. (p 368)

38 8514224717 Richard T. Ely He attacked laissez-faire economic thought as dogmatic and outdated and used economics to study labor unions and trusts. (p. 368)

39 8514224718 Oliver Wendell Holmes He taught that law should evolve with the times and not be bound by previous precedents or decisions. (p. 368)

40 8514224719 Clarence Darrow A famous lawyer, he argued that criminal behavior could be caused by an environment of poverty, neglect, and abuse. (p. 368)

41 8514224720 W.E.B. Du Bois A leading black intellectual, he advocated for equality for blacks, integrated schools, and equal access to higher education. (p. 368)

42 8514224721 realism, naturalism Mark Twain became the first realist author and his books often showed the greed, violence, and racism in American society. Authors known for their naturalism focused in how emotions and experience shaped human experience. (p. 369)

43 8514224722 Mark Twain The first great realist author, he is famous for his classic "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn". (p. 369)

44 8514224723 Stephen Crane He wrote in the 1890s about the human condition. His books included "Maggie: A Girl in the Streets" and the "Red Badge of Courage". (p. 369)

45 8514224724 Jack London He wrote about the conflict between man and nature in books such as "The Call of the Wild". (p. 369)

46 8514224725 Theodore Dreiser The author of "Sister Carrie". Notable for its naturalism and controversy, as it ran contrary to the moral undercurrents of 1900. (p. 369)

47 8514224726 Winslow Homer The foremost American painter of seascapes and watercolors. (p. 369)

48 8514224727 Thomas Eakins Specialized in the painting of the working class and used serial-action photographs to study human anatomy. (p. 369)

49 8514224728 Impressionism A painting technique that originating in France. (p. 370)

50 8514224729 James Whistler An American expat, he painted Arrangement in Grey and Black, popularly known as Whistler's Mother. It was a quintessential example of his study of color rather than subject. (p. 370)

51 8514224730 Mary Cassatt An American impressionist painter known as a portrait painter. She spent much of her life in France. (p. 370)

52 8514224731 Ashcan School Around 1900, they painted scenes of everyday life in poor urban neighborhoods. (p. 370)

53 8514224732 Armory Show A New York painting exhibit in 1913 that featured abstract paintings. (p. 370)

54 8514224733 abstract art Non-representational art, not accepted by Americans until the 1950s. (p. 370)

55 8514224734 Henry Hobson Richardson His architectural designs of the 1870s, based on the Romanesque style, gave a gravity and stateliness to functional commercial buildings. (p. 370)

56 8514224735 Romanesque style This architecture style featured massive stone walls and rounded arches. (p. 370)

57 8514224736 Louis Sullivan He rejected historical architecture and focused on tall, steel-framed office buildings. He focused on building a form that followed function. A member of the Chicago School. (p. 370)

58 8514224737 form follows function The form of the building flowed from its function. (p. 370)

59 8514224738 Frank Lloyd Wright The most famous architect of the 20th century, he developed an organic style that made his buildings fit in with their natural surroundings. (p. 370)

60 8514224739 organic architecture An architectural style in which the building was in harmony with its natural surroundings. (p. 370)

61 8514224740 Frederick Law Olmsted The originator of landscape architecture, he designed Central Park and grounds of the U.S. Capitol. (p. 371)

62 8514224741 growth of leisure time The growth of leisure time activities was a result of the reduction of work hours, improved transportation, advertizing, and the decline of restrictive values. (p. 371)

63 8514224742 John Philip Sousa He wrote a series of popular marches played in small town bandstands across the country. (p. 371)

64 8514224743 jazz, blues, ragtime A form of music that combined African rhythms and western-style instruments and mixed improvisation with a structured band format. (p. 371)

65 8514224744 Jelly Roll Morton A famous African American jazz musician from New Orleans. (p. 371)

66 8514224745 Scott Joplin A black composer notable for his contribution to ragtime. He sold over one million copies of his song "Maple Leaf Rag". (p 371)

67 8514224746 mass circulation newspapers Large circulation newspapers had been around since 1830, but the first to exceed one million subscribers was Joseph Pulitzer's New York World. (p. 371)

68 8514224747 Joseph Pulitzer He established the first newspaper to exceed over one million in circulation by filling it with sensational stories of crime and disaster. (p. 317)

69 8514224748 William Randolph Hearst A newspaper publisher whose introduction of large headlines and sensational reporting changed American journalism. (p. 371)

70 8514224749 Ladies Home Journal By the 1880s, advertising and new printing technology lead to this magazine which sold for only 10 cents. (p. 371)

71 8514224750 circus trains The national rail network made possible traveling circuses. (p. 371)

72 8514224751 Barnum & Bailey, Greatest Show on Earth A traveling circus that was very popular. (p. 371)

73 8514224752 Buffalo Bill Wild West Show William F. Cody brought this show to urban populations. (p. 372)

74 8514224753 spectator sports, boxing, baseball In the late 19th century professional sports started. (p.372)

75 8514224754 amateur sports, bicycling, tennis These were late 19th century sports of the middle and upper classes. (p. 372)

76 8514224755 social class and discrimination In the late 19th century, sports such as golf and tennis became popular with wealth members of athletic clubs. The very rich pursued polo and yachting. (p. 372)